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Franklin experiments with kite and key, June 1752. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Franklin was an author, printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, musician, inventor, satirist, civic activist, statesman and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. He invented the lightning rod, bifocals, the Franklin stove, a carriage odometer, and the glass 'armonica'. He formed both the first public lending library in America and the first fire department in Pennsylvania. Franklin earned the title of "The First American" for unfaltering campaign for colonial unity; spokesman in London for several colonies and as the first United States Ambassador to France. Franklin personified the American ethos; practical, democratic values of thrift, hard work, education, community spirit, self-governing institutions, and...